# Publishing
Publishing messages can be done via HTTP PUT or POST. Topics are created on the fly by subscribing or publishing to them.
Because there is no sign-up, **the topic is essentially a password**, so pick something that's not easily guessable.
Here's an example showing how to publish a simple message using a POST request:
=== "Command line (curl)"
```
curl -d "Backup successful 😀" ntfy.sh/mytopic
```
=== "HTTP"
``` http
POST /mytopic HTTP/1.1
Host: ntfy.sh
Backup successful 😀
```
=== "JavaScript"
``` javascript
fetch('https://ntfy.sh/mytopic', {
method: 'POST', // PUT works too
body: 'Backup successful 😀'
})
```
=== "Go"
``` go
http.Post("https://ntfy.sh/mytopic", "text/plain",
strings.NewReader("Backup successful 😀"))
```
=== "PHP"
``` php-inline
file_get_contents('https://ntfy.sh/mytopic', false, stream_context_create([
'http' => [
'method' => 'POST', // PUT also works
'header' => 'Content-Type: text/plain',
'content' => 'Backup successful 😀'
]
]));
```
If you have the [Android app](subscribe/phone.md) installed on your phone, this will create a notification that looks like this:
![basic notification](static/img/basic-notification.png){ width=500 }
Android notification
There are more features related to publishing messages: You can set a [notification priority](#message-priority),
a [title](#message-title), and [tag messages](#tags-emojis) 🥳 🎉. Here's an example that uses all of them at once:
=== "Command line (curl)"
```
curl \
-H "Title: Unauthorized access detected" \
-H "Priority: urgent" \
-H "Tags: warning,skull" \
-d "Remote access to phils-laptop detected. Act right away." \
ntfy.sh/phil_alerts
```
=== "HTTP"
``` http
POST /phil_alerts HTTP/1.1
Host: ntfy.sh
Title: Unauthorized access detected
Priority: urgent
Tags: warning,skull
Remote access to phils-laptop detected. Act right away.
```
=== "JavaScript"
``` javascript
fetch('https://ntfy.sh/phil_alerts', {
method: 'POST', // PUT works too
body: 'Remote access to phils-laptop detected. Act right away.',
headers: {
'Title': 'Unauthorized access detected',
'Priority': 'urgent',
'Tags': 'warning,skull'
}
})
```
=== "Go"
``` go
req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://ntfy.sh/phil_alerts",
strings.NewReader("Remote access to phils-laptop detected. Act right away."))
req.Header.Set("Title", "Unauthorized access detected")
req.Header.Set("Priority", "urgent")
req.Header.Set("Tags", "warning,skull")
http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
```
=== "PHP"
``` php-inline
file_get_contents('https://ntfy.sh/phil_alerts', false, stream_context_create([
'http' => [
'method' => 'POST', // PUT also works
'header' =>
"Content-Type: text/plain\r\n" .
"Title: Unauthorized access detected\r\n" .
"Priority: urgent\r\n" .
"Tags: warning,skull",
'content' => 'Remote access to phils-laptop detected. Act right away.'
]
]));
```
![priority notification](static/img/priority-notification.png){ width=500 }
Urgent notification with tags and title
## Message title
The notification title is typically set to the topic short URL (e.g. `ntfy.sh/mytopic`). To override the title,
you can set the `X-Title` header (or any of its aliases: `Title`, `ti`, or `t`).
=== "Command line (curl)"
```
curl -H "X-Title: Dogs are better than cats" -d "Oh my ..." ntfy.sh/controversial
curl -H "Title: Dogs are better than cats" -d "Oh my ..." ntfy.sh/controversial
curl -H "t: Dogs are better than cats" -d "Oh my ..." ntfy.sh/controversial
```
=== "HTTP"
``` http
POST /controversial HTTP/1.1
Host: ntfy.sh
Title: Dogs are better than cats
Oh my ...
```
=== "JavaScript"
``` javascript
fetch('https://ntfy.sh/controversial', {
method: 'POST',
body: 'Oh my ...',
headers: { 'Title': 'Dogs are better than cats' }
})
```
=== "Go"
``` go
req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://ntfy.sh/controversial", strings.NewReader("Oh my ..."))
req.Header.Set("Title", "Dogs are better than cats")
http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
```
=== "PHP"
``` php-inline
file_get_contents('https://ntfy.sh/controversial', false, stream_context_create([
'http' => [
'method' => 'POST',
'header' =>
"Content-Type: text/plain\r\n" .
"Title: Dogs are better than cats",
'content' => 'Oh my ...'
]
]));
```
![notification with title](static/img/notification-with-title.png){ width=500 }
Detail view of notification with title
## Message priority
All messages have a priority, which defines how urgently your phone notifies you. You can set custom
notification sounds and vibration patterns on your phone to map to these priorities (see [Android config](subscribe/phone.md)).
The following priorities exist:
| Priority | Icon | ID | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max priority | ![min priority](static/img/priority-5.svg) | `5` | `max`/`urgent` | Really long vibration bursts, default notification sound with a pop-over notification. |
| High priority | ![min priority](static/img/priority-4.svg) | `4` | `high` | Long vibration burst, default notification sound with a pop-over notification. |
| **Default priority** | *(none)* | `3` | `default` | Short default vibration and sound. Default notification behavior. |
| Low priority | ![min priority](static/img/priority-2.svg) |`2` | `low` | No vibration or sound. Notification will not visibly show up until notification drawer is pulled down. |
| Min priority | ![min priority](static/img/priority-1.svg) | `1` | `min` | No vibration or sound. The notification will be under the fold in "Other notifications". |
You can set the priority with the header `X-Priority` (or any of its aliases: `Priority`, `prio`, or `p`).
=== "Command line (curl)"
```
curl -H "X-Priority: 5" -d "An urgent message" ntfy.sh/phil_alerts
curl -H "Priority: low" -d "Low priority message" ntfy.sh/phil_alerts
curl -H p:4 -d "A high priority message" ntfy.sh/phil_alerts
```
=== "HTTP"
``` http
POST /phil_alerts HTTP/1.1
Host: ntfy.sh
Priority: 5
An urgent message
```
=== "JavaScript"
``` javascript
fetch('https://ntfy.sh/phil_alerts', {
method: 'POST',
body: 'An urgent message',
headers: { 'Priority': '5' }
})
```
=== "Go"
``` go
req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://ntfy.sh/phil_alerts", strings.NewReader("An urgent message"))
req.Header.Set("Priority", "5")
http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
```
=== "PHP"
``` php-inline
file_get_contents('https://ntfy.sh/phil_alerts', false, stream_context_create([
'http' => [
'method' => 'POST',
'header' =>
"Content-Type: text/plain\r\n" .
"Priority: 5",
'content' => 'An urgent message'
]
]));
```
![priority notification](static/img/priority-detail-overview.png){ width=500 }
Detail view of priority notifications
## Tags & emojis 🥳 🎉
You can tag messages with emojis and other relevant strings:
* **Emojis**: If a tag matches an [emoji short code](emojis.md), it'll be converted to an emoji and prepended
to title or message.
* **Other tags:** If a tag doesn't match, it will be listed below the notification.
This feature is useful for things like warnings (⚠️, ️🚨, or 🚩), but also to simply tag messages otherwise (e.g. script
names, hostnames, etc.). Use [the emoji short code list](emojis.md) to figure out what tags can be converted to emojis.
Here's an **excerpt of emojis** I've found very useful in alert messages:
Tag
Emoji
+1
👍️
partying_face
🥳
tada
🎉
heavy_check_mark
✔️
loudspeaker
📢
...
...
Tag
Emoji
-1
👎️
warning
⚠️
rotating_light
️🚨
triangular_flag_on_post
🚩
skull
💀
...
...
Tag
Emoji
facepalm
🤦
no_entry
⛔
no_entry_sign
🚫
cd
💿
computer
💻
...
...
You can set tags with the `X-Tags` header (or any of its aliases: `Tags`, `tag`, or `ta`). Specify multiple tags by separating
them with a comma, e.g. `tag1,tag2,tag3`.
=== "Command line (curl)"
```
curl -H "X-Tags: warning,mailsrv13,daily-backup" -d "Backup of mailsrv13 failed" ntfy.sh/backups
curl -H "Tags: horse,unicorn" -d "Unicorns are just horses with unique horns" ntfy.sh/backups
curl -H ta:dog -d "Dogs are awesome" ntfy.sh/backups
```
=== "HTTP"
``` http
POST /backups HTTP/1.1
Host: ntfy.sh
Tags: warning,mailsrv13,daily-backup
Backup of mailsrv13 failed
```
=== "JavaScript"
``` javascript
fetch('https://ntfy.sh/backups', {
method: 'POST',
body: 'Backup of mailsrv13 failed',
headers: { 'Tags': 'warning,mailsrv13,daily-backup' }
})
```
=== "Go"
``` go
req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://ntfy.sh/backups", strings.NewReader("Backup of mailsrv13 failed"))
req.Header.Set("Tags", "warning,mailsrv13,daily-backup")
http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
```
=== "PHP"
``` php-inline
file_get_contents('https://ntfy.sh/backups', false, stream_context_create([
'http' => [
'method' => 'POST',
'header' =>
"Content-Type: text/plain\r\n" .
"Tags: warning,mailsrv13,daily-backup",
'content' => 'Backup of mailsrv13 failed'
]
]));
```
![priority notification](static/img/notification-with-tags.png){ width=500 }
Detail view of notifications with tags