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325 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
325 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# Subscribe via ntfy CLI
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In addition to subscribing via the [web UI](web.md), the [phone app](phone.md), or the [API](api.md), you can subscribe
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to topics via the ntfy CLI. The CLI is included in the same `ntfy` binary that can be used to [self-host a server](../install.md).
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!!! info
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The **ntfy CLI is not required to send or receive messages**. You can instead [send messages with curl](../publish.md),
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and even use it to [subscribe to topics](api.md). It may be a little more convenient to use the ntfy CLI than writing
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your own script. It all depends on the use case. 😀
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## Install + configure
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To install the ntfy CLI, simply **follow the steps outlined on the [install page](../install.md)**. The ntfy server and
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client are the same binary, so it's all very convenient. After installing, you can (optionally) configure the client
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by creating `~/.config/ntfy/client.yml` (for the non-root user), `~/Library/Application Support/ntfy/client.yml` (for the macOS non-root user), or `/etc/ntfy/client.yml` (for the root user). You
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can find a [skeleton config](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/blob/main/client/client.yml) on GitHub.
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If you just want to use [ntfy.sh](https://ntfy.sh), you don't have to change anything. If you **self-host your own server**,
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you may want to edit the `default-host` option:
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``` yaml
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# Base URL used to expand short topic names in the "ntfy publish" and "ntfy subscribe" commands.
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# If you self-host a ntfy server, you'll likely want to change this.
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#
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default-host: https://ntfy.myhost.com
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```
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## Publish messages
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You can send messages with the ntfy CLI using the `ntfy publish` command (or any of its aliases `pub`, `send` or
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`trigger`). There are a lot of examples on the page about [publishing messages](../publish.md), but here are a few
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quick ones:
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=== "Simple send"
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```
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ntfy publish mytopic This is a message
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ntfy publish mytopic "This is a message"
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ntfy pub mytopic "This is a message"
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```
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=== "Send with title, priority, and tags"
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```
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ntfy publish \
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--title="Thing sold on eBay" \
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--priority=high \
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--tags=partying_face \
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mytopic \
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"Somebody just bought the thing that you sell"
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```
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=== "Send at 8:30am"
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```
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ntfy pub --at=8:30am delayed_topic Laterzz
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```
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=== "Triggering a webhook"
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```
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ntfy trigger mywebhook
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ntfy pub mywebhook
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```
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### Attaching a local file
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You can easily upload and attach a local file to a notification:
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```
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$ ntfy pub --file README.md mytopic | jq .
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{
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"id": "meIlClVLABJQ",
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"time": 1655825460,
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"event": "message",
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"topic": "mytopic",
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"message": "You received a file: README.md",
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"attachment": {
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"name": "README.md",
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"type": "text/plain; charset=utf-8",
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"size": 2892,
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"expires": 1655836260,
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"url": "https://ntfy.sh/file/meIlClVLABJQ.txt"
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}
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}
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```
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### Wait for PID/command
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If you have a long-running command and want to **publish a notification when the command completes**,
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you may wrap it with `ntfy publish --wait-cmd` (aliases: `--cmd`, `--done`). Or, if you forgot to wrap it, and the
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command is already running, you can wait for the process to complete with `ntfy publish --wait-pid` (alias: `--pid`).
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Run a command and wait for it to complete (here: `rsync ...`):
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```
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$ ntfy pub --wait-cmd mytopic rsync -av ./ root@example.com:/backups/ | jq .
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{
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"id": "Re0rWXZQM8WB",
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"time": 1655825624,
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"event": "message",
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"topic": "mytopic",
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"message": "Command succeeded after 56.553s: rsync -av ./ root@example.com:/backups/"
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}
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```
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Or, if you already started the long-running process and want to wait for it using its process ID (PID), you can do this:
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=== "Using a PID directly"
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```
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$ ntfy pub --wait-pid 8458 mytopic | jq .
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{
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"id": "orM6hJKNYkWb",
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"time": 1655825827,
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"event": "message",
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"topic": "mytopic",
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"message": "Process with PID 8458 exited after 2.003s"
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}
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```
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=== "Using a `pidof`"
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```
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$ ntfy pub --wait-pid $(pidof rsync) mytopic | jq .
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{
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"id": "orM6hJKNYkWb",
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"time": 1655825827,
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"event": "message",
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"topic": "mytopic",
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"message": "Process with PID 8458 exited after 2.003s"
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}
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```
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## Subscribe to topics
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You can subscribe to topics using `ntfy subscribe`. Depending on how it is called, this command
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will either print or execute a command for every arriving message. There are a few different ways
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in which the command can be run:
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### Stream messages as JSON
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```
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ntfy subscribe TOPIC
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```
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If you run the command like this, it prints the JSON representation of every incoming message. This is useful
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when you have a command that wants to stream-read incoming JSON messages. Unless `--poll` is passed, this command
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stays open forever.
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```
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$ ntfy sub mytopic
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{"id":"nZ8PjH5oox","time":1639971913,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"hi there"}
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{"id":"sekSLWTujn","time":1639972063,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic",priority:5,"message":"Oh no!"}
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...
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```
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<figure>
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<video controls muted autoplay loop width="650" src="../../static/img/cli-subscribe-video-1.mp4"></video>
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<figcaption>Subscribe in JSON mode</figcaption>
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</figure>
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### Run command for every message
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```
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ntfy subscribe TOPIC COMMAND
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```
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If you run it like this, a COMMAND is executed for every incoming messages. Scroll down to see a list of available
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environment variables. Here are a few examples:
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```
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ntfy sub mytopic 'notify-send "$m"'
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ntfy sub topic1 /my/script.sh
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ntfy sub topic1 'echo "Message $m was received. Its title was $t and it had priority $p'
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```
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<figure>
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<video controls muted autoplay loop width="650" src="../../static/img/cli-subscribe-video-2.webm"></video>
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<figcaption>Execute command on incoming messages</figcaption>
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</figure>
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The message fields are passed to the command as environment variables and can be used in scripts. Note that since
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these are environment variables, you typically don't have to worry about quoting too much, as long as you enclose them
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in double-quotes, you should be fine:
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| Variable | Aliases | Description |
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|------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------------------|
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| `$NTFY_ID` | `$id` | Unique message ID |
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| `$NTFY_TIME` | `$time` | Unix timestamp of the message delivery |
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| `$NTFY_TOPIC` | `$topic` | Topic name |
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| `$NTFY_MESSAGE` | `$message`, `$m` | Message body |
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| `$NTFY_TITLE` | `$title`, `$t` | Message title |
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| `$NTFY_PRIORITY` | `$priority`, `$prio`, `$p` | Message priority (1=min, 5=max) |
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| `$NTFY_TAGS` | `$tags`, `$tag`, `$ta` | Message tags (comma separated list) |
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| `$NTFY_RAW` | `$raw` | Raw JSON message |
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### Subscribe to multiple topics
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```
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ntfy subscribe --from-config
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```
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To subscribe to multiple topics at once, and run different commands for each one, you can use `ntfy subscribe --from-config`,
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which will read the `subscribe` config from the config file. Please also check out the [ntfy-client systemd service](#using-the-systemd-service).
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Here's an example config file that subscribes to three different topics, executing a different command for each of them:
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=== "~/.config/ntfy/client.yml (Linux)"
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```yaml
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subscribe:
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- topic: echo-this
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command: 'echo "Message received: $message"'
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- topic: alerts
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command: notify-send -i /usr/share/ntfy/logo.png "Important" "$m"
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if:
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priority: high,urgent
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- topic: calc
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command: 'gnome-calculator 2>/dev/null &'
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- topic: print-temp
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command: |
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echo "You can easily run inline scripts, too."
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temp="$(sensors | awk '/Pack/ { print substr($4,2,2) }')"
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if [ $temp -gt 80 ]; then
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echo "Warning: CPU temperature is $temp. Too high."
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else
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echo "CPU temperature is $temp. That's alright."
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fi
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```
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=== "~/Library/Application Support/ntfy/client.yml (macOS)"
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```yaml
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subscribe:
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- topic: echo-this
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command: 'echo "Message received: $message"'
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- topic: alerts
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command: osascript -e "display notification \"$message\""
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if:
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priority: high,urgent
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- topic: calc
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command: open -a Calculator
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```
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=== "%AppData%\ntfy\client.yml (Windows)"
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```yaml
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subscribe:
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- topic: echo-this
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command: 'echo Message received: %message%'
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- topic: alerts
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command: |
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notifu /m "%NTFY_MESSAGE%"
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exit 0
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if:
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priority: high,urgent
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- topic: calc
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command: calc
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```
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In this example, when `ntfy subscribe --from-config` is executed:
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* Messages to `echo-this` simply echos to standard out
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* Messages to `alerts` display as desktop notification for high priority messages using [notify-send](https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man1/notify-send.1.html) (Linux),
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[notifu](https://www.paralint.com/projects/notifu/) (Windows) or `osascript` (macOS)
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* Messages to `calc` open the calculator 😀 (*because, why not*)
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* Messages to `print-temp` execute an inline script and print the CPU temperature (Linux version only)
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I hope this shows how powerful this command is. Here's a short video that demonstrates the above example:
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<figure>
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<video controls muted autoplay loop width="650" src="../../static/img/cli-subscribe-video-3.webm"></video>
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<figcaption>Execute all the things</figcaption>
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</figure>
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If most (or all) of your subscriptions use the same credentials, you can set defaults in `client.yml`. Use `default-user` and `default-password` or `default-token` (but not both).
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You can also specify a `default-command` that will run when a message is received. If a subscription does not include credentials to use or does not have a command, the defaults
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will be used, otherwise, the subscription settings will override the defaults.
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!!! warning
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Because the `default-user`, `default-password`, and `default-token` will be sent for each topic that does not have its own username/password (even if the topic does not
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require authentication), be sure that the servers/topics you subscribe to use HTTPS to prevent leaking the username and password.
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### Using the systemd service
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You can use the `ntfy-client` systemd service (see [ntfy-client.service](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/blob/main/client/ntfy-client.service))
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to subscribe to multiple topics just like in the example above. The service is automatically installed (but not started)
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if you install the deb/rpm package. To configure it, simply edit `/etc/ntfy/client.yml` and run `sudo systemctl restart ntfy-client`.
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!!! info
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The `ntfy-client.service` runs as user `ntfy`, meaning that typical Linux permission restrictions apply. See below
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for how to fix this.
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If the service runs on your personal desktop machine, you may want to override the service user/group (`User=` and `Group=`), and
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adjust the `DISPLAY` and `DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS` environment variables. This will allow you to run commands in your X session
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as the primary machine user.
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You can either manually override these systemd service entries with `sudo systemctl edit ntfy-client`, and add this
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(assuming your user is `phil`). Don't forget to run `sudo systemctl daemon-reload` and `sudo systemctl restart ntfy-client`
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after editing the service file:
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=== "/etc/systemd/system/ntfy-client.service.d/override.conf"
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```
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[Service]
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User=phil
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Group=phil
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Environment="DISPLAY=:0" "DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/run/user/1000/bus"
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```
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Or you can run the following script that creates this override config for you:
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```
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sudo sh -c 'cat > /etc/systemd/system/ntfy-client.service.d/override.conf' <<EOF
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[Service]
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User=$USER
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Group=$USER
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Environment="DISPLAY=:0" "DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/run/user/$(id -u)/bus"
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EOF
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl restart ntfy-client
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```
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### Authentication
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Depending on whether the server is configured to support [access control](../config.md#access-control), some topics
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may be read/write protected so that only users with the correct credentials can subscribe or publish to them.
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To publish/subscribe to protected topics, you can use [Basic Auth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication)
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with a valid username/password. For your self-hosted server, **be sure to use HTTPS to avoid eavesdropping** and exposing
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your password.
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You can either add your username and password to the configuration file:
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=== "~/.config/ntfy/client.yml"
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```yaml
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- topic: secret
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command: 'notify-send "$m"'
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user: phill
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password: mypass
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```
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Or with the `ntfy subscibe` command:
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```
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ntfy subscribe \
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-u phil:mypass \
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ntfy.example.com/mysecrets
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```
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