mirror of
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860 lines
53 KiB
Markdown
860 lines
53 KiB
Markdown
# Configuring the ntfy server
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The ntfy server can be configured in three ways: using a config file (typically at `/etc/ntfy/server.yml`,
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see [server.yml](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/blob/main/server/server.yml)), via command line arguments
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or using environment variables.
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## Quick start
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By default, simply running `ntfy serve` will start the server at port 80. No configuration needed. Batteries included 😀.
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If everything works as it should, you'll see something like this:
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```
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$ ntfy serve
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2021/11/30 19:59:08 Listening on :80
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```
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You can immediately start [publishing messages](publish.md), or subscribe via the [Android app](subscribe/phone.md),
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[the web UI](subscribe/web.md), or simply via [curl or your favorite HTTP client](subscribe/api.md). To configure
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the server further, check out the [config options table](#config-options) or simply type `ntfy serve --help` to
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get a list of [command line options](#command-line-options).
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## Example config
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!!! info
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Definitely check out the **[server.yml](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/blob/main/server/server.yml)** file.
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It contains examples and detailed descriptions of all the settings.
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The most basic settings are `base-url` (the external URL of the ntfy server), the HTTP/HTTPS listen address (`listen-http`
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and `listen-https`), and socket path (`listen-unix`). All the other things are additional features.
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Here are a few working sample configs:
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=== "server.yml (HTTP-only, with cache + attachments)"
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``` yaml
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base-url: "http://ntfy.example.com"
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cache-file: "/var/cache/ntfy/cache.db"
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attachment-cache-dir: "/var/cache/ntfy/attachments"
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```
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=== "server.yml (HTTP+HTTPS, with cache + attachments)"
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``` yaml
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base-url: "http://ntfy.example.com"
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listen-http: ":80"
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listen-https: ":443"
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key-file: "/etc/letsencrypt/live/ntfy.example.com.key"
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cert-file: "/etc/letsencrypt/live/ntfy.example.com.crt"
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cache-file: "/var/cache/ntfy/cache.db"
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attachment-cache-dir: "/var/cache/ntfy/attachments"
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```
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=== "server.yml (ntfy.sh config)"
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``` yaml
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# All the things: Behind a proxy, Firebase, cache, attachments,
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# SMTP publishing & receiving
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base-url: "https://ntfy.sh"
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listen-http: "127.0.0.1:2586"
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firebase-key-file: "/etc/ntfy/firebase.json"
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cache-file: "/var/cache/ntfy/cache.db"
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behind-proxy: true
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attachment-cache-dir: "/var/cache/ntfy/attachments"
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smtp-sender-addr: "email-smtp.us-east-2.amazonaws.com:587"
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smtp-sender-user: "AKIDEADBEEFAFFE12345"
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smtp-sender-pass: "Abd13Kf+sfAk2DzifjafldkThisIsNotARealKeyOMG."
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smtp-sender-from: "ntfy@ntfy.sh"
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smtp-server-listen: ":25"
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smtp-server-domain: "ntfy.sh"
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smtp-server-addr-prefix: "ntfy-"
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keepalive-interval: "45s"
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```
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## Message cache
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If desired, ntfy can temporarily keep notifications in an in-memory or an on-disk cache. Caching messages for a short period
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of time is important to allow [phones](subscribe/phone.md) and other devices with brittle Internet connections to be able to retrieve
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notifications that they may have missed.
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By default, ntfy keeps messages **in-memory for 12 hours**, which means that **cached messages do not survive an application
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restart**. You can override this behavior using the following config settings:
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* `cache-file`: if set, ntfy will store messages in a SQLite based cache (default is empty, which means in-memory cache).
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**This is required if you'd like messages to be retained across restarts**.
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* `cache-duration`: defines the duration for which messages are stored in the cache (default is `12h`).
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You can also entirely disable the cache by setting `cache-duration` to `0`. When the cache is disabled, messages are only
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passed on to the connected subscribers, but never stored on disk or even kept in memory longer than is needed to forward
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the message to the subscribers.
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Subscribers can retrieve cached messaging using the [`poll=1` parameter](subscribe/api.md#poll-for-messages), as well as the
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[`since=` parameter](subscribe/api.md#fetch-cached-messages).
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## Attachments
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If desired, you may allow users to upload and [attach files to notifications](publish.md#attachments). To enable
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this feature, you have to simply configure an attachment cache directory and a base URL (`attachment-cache-dir`, `base-url`).
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Once these options are set and the directory is writable by the server user, you can upload attachments via PUT.
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By default, attachments are stored in the disk-cache **for only 3 hours**. The main reason for this is to avoid legal issues
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and such when hosting user controlled content. Typically, this is more than enough time for the user (or the auto download
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feature) to download the file. The following config options are relevant to attachments:
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* `base-url` is the root URL for the ntfy server; this is needed for the generated attachment URLs
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* `attachment-cache-dir` is the cache directory for attached files
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* `attachment-total-size-limit` is the size limit of the on-disk attachment cache (default: 5G)
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* `attachment-file-size-limit` is the per-file attachment size limit (e.g. 300k, 2M, 100M, default: 15M)
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* `attachment-expiry-duration` is the duration after which uploaded attachments will be deleted (e.g. 3h, 20h, default: 3h)
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Here's an example config using mostly the defaults (except for the cache directory, which is empty by default):
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=== "/etc/ntfy/server.yml (minimal)"
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``` yaml
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base-url: "https://ntfy.sh"
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attachment-cache-dir: "/var/cache/ntfy/attachments"
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```
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=== "/etc/ntfy/server.yml (all options)"
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``` yaml
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base-url: "https://ntfy.sh"
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attachment-cache-dir: "/var/cache/ntfy/attachments"
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attachment-total-size-limit: "5G"
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attachment-file-size-limit: "15M"
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attachment-expiry-duration: "3h"
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visitor-attachment-total-size-limit: "100M"
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visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit: "500M"
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```
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Please also refer to the [rate limiting](#rate-limiting) settings below, specifically `visitor-attachment-total-size-limit`
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and `visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit`. Setting these conservatively is necessary to avoid abuse.
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## Access control
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By default, the ntfy server is open for everyone, meaning **everyone can read and write to any topic** (this is how
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ntfy.sh is configured). To restrict access to your own server, you can optionally configure authentication and authorization.
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ntfy's auth is implemented with a simple [SQLite](https://www.sqlite.org/)-based backend. It implements two roles
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(`user` and `admin`) and per-topic `read` and `write` permissions using an [access control list (ACL)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access-control_list).
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Access control entries can be applied to users as well as the special everyone user (`*`), which represents anonymous API access.
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To set up auth, simply **configure the following two options**:
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* `auth-file` is the user/access database; it is created automatically if it doesn't already exist; suggested
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location `/var/lib/ntfy/user.db` (easiest if deb/rpm package is used)
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* `auth-default-access` defines the default/fallback access if no access control entry is found; it can be
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set to `read-write` (default), `read-only`, `write-only` or `deny-all`.
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Once configured, you can use the `ntfy user` command to [add or modify users](#users-and-roles), and the `ntfy access` command
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lets you [modify the access control list](#access-control-list-acl) for specific users and topic patterns. Both of these
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commands **directly edit the auth database** (as defined in `auth-file`), so they only work on the server, and only if the user
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accessing them has the right permissions.
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### Users and roles
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The `ntfy user` command allows you to add/remove/change users in the ntfy user database, as well as change
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passwords or roles (`user` or `admin`). In practice, you'll often just create one admin
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user with `ntfy user add --role=admin ...` and be done with all this (see [example below](#example-private-instance)).
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**Roles:**
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* Role `user` (default): Users with this role have no special permissions. Manage access using `ntfy access`
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(see [below](#access-control-list-acl)).
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* Role `admin`: Users with this role can read/write to all topics. Granular access control is not necessary.
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**Example commands** (type `ntfy user --help` or `ntfy user COMMAND --help` for more details):
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```
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ntfy user list # Shows list of users (alias: 'ntfy access')
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ntfy user add phil # Add regular user phil
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ntfy user add --role=admin phil # Add admin user phil
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ntfy user del phil # Delete user phil
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ntfy user change-pass phil # Change password for user phil
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ntfy user change-role phil admin # Make user phil an admin
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```
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### Access control list (ACL)
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The access control list (ACL) **manages access to topics for non-admin users, and for anonymous access (`everyone`/`*`)**.
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Each entry represents the access permissions for a user to a specific topic or topic pattern.
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The ACL can be displayed or modified with the `ntfy access` command:
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```
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ntfy access # Shows access control list (alias: 'ntfy user list')
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ntfy access USERNAME # Shows access control entries for USERNAME
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ntfy access USERNAME TOPIC PERMISSION # Allow/deny access for USERNAME to TOPIC
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```
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A `USERNAME` is an existing user, as created with `ntfy user add` (see [users and roles](#users-and-roles)), or the
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anonymous user `everyone` or `*`, which represents clients that access the API without username/password.
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A `TOPIC` is either a specific topic name (e.g. `mytopic`, or `phil_alerts`), or a wildcard pattern that matches any
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number of topics (e.g. `alerts_*` or `ben-*`). Only the wildcard character `*` is supported. It stands for zero to any
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number of characters.
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A `PERMISSION` is any of the following supported permissions:
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* `read-write` (alias: `rw`): Allows [publishing messages](publish.md) to the given topic, as well as
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[subscribing](subscribe/api.md) and reading messages
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* `read-only` (aliases: `read`, `ro`): Allows only subscribing and reading messages, but not publishing to the topic
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* `write-only` (aliases: `write`, `wo`): Allows only publishing to the topic, but not subscribing to it
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* `deny` (alias: `none`): Allows neither publishing nor subscribing to a topic
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**Example commands** (type `ntfy access --help` for more details):
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```
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ntfy access # Shows entire access control list
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ntfy access phil # Shows access for user phil
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ntfy access phil mytopic rw # Allow read-write access to mytopic for user phil
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ntfy access everyone mytopic rw # Allow anonymous read-write access to mytopic
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ntfy access everyone "up*" write # Allow anonymous write-only access to topics "up..."
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ntfy access --reset # Reset entire access control list
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ntfy access --reset phil # Reset all access for user phil
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ntfy access --reset phil mytopic # Reset access for user phil and topic mytopic
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```
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**Example ACL:**
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```
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$ ntfy access
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user phil (admin)
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- read-write access to all topics (admin role)
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user ben (user)
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- read-write access to topic garagedoor
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- read-write access to topic alerts*
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- read-only access to topic furnace
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user * (anonymous)
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- read-only access to topic announcements
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- read-only access to topic server-stats
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- no access to any (other) topics (server config)
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```
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In this example, `phil` has the role `admin`, so he has read-write access to all topics (no ACL entries are necessary).
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User `ben` has three topic-specific entries. He can read, but not write to topic `furnace`, and has read-write access
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to topic `garagedoor` and all topics starting with the word `alerts` (wildcards). Clients that are not authenticated
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(called `*`/`everyone`) only have read access to the `announcements` and `server-stats` topics.
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### Example: Private instance
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The easiest way to configure a private instance is to set `auth-default-access` to `deny-all` in the `server.yml`:
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=== "/etc/ntfy/server.yml"
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``` yaml
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auth-file "/var/lib/ntfy/user.db"
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auth-default-access: "deny-all"
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```
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After that, simply create an `admin` user:
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```
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$ ntfy user add --role=admin phil
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password: mypass
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confirm: mypass
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user phil added with role admin
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```
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Once you've done that, you can publish and subscribe using [Basic Auth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication)
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with the given username/password. Be sure to use HTTPS to avoid eavesdropping and exposing your password. Here's a simple example:
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=== "Command line (curl)"
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```
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curl \
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-u phil:mypass \
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-d "Look ma, with auth" \
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https://ntfy.example.com/mysecrets
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```
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=== "ntfy CLI"
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```
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ntfy publish \
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-u phil:mypass \
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ntfy.example.com/mysecrets \
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"Look ma, with auth"
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```
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=== "HTTP"
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``` http
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POST /mysecrets HTTP/1.1
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Host: ntfy.example.com
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Authorization: Basic cGhpbDpteXBhc3M=
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Look ma, with auth
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```
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=== "JavaScript"
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``` javascript
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fetch('https://ntfy.example.com/mysecrets', {
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method: 'POST', // PUT works too
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body: 'Look ma, with auth',
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headers: {
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'Authorization': 'Basic cGhpbDpteXBhc3M='
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}
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})
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```
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=== "Go"
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``` go
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req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://ntfy.example.com/mysecrets",
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strings.NewReader("Look ma, with auth"))
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req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Basic cGhpbDpteXBhc3M=")
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http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
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```
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=== "Python"
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``` python
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requests.post("https://ntfy.example.com/mysecrets",
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data="Look ma, with auth",
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headers={
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"Authorization": "Basic cGhpbDpteXBhc3M="
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})
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```
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=== "PHP"
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``` php-inline
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file_get_contents('https://ntfy.example.com/mysecrets', false, stream_context_create([
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'http' => [
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'method' => 'POST', // PUT also works
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'header' =>
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'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n' .
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'Authorization: Basic cGhpbDpteXBhc3M=',
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'content' => 'Look ma, with auth'
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]
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]));
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```
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## E-mail notifications
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To allow forwarding messages via e-mail, you can configure an **SMTP server for outgoing messages**. Once configured,
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you can set the `X-Email` header to [send messages via e-mail](publish.md#e-mail-notifications) (e.g.
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`curl -d "hi there" -H "X-Email: phil@example.com" ntfy.sh/mytopic`).
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As of today, only SMTP servers with PLAIN auth and STARTLS are supported. To enable e-mail sending, you must set the
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following settings:
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* `base-url` is the root URL for the ntfy server; this is needed for e-mail footer
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* `smtp-sender-addr` is the hostname:port of the SMTP server
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* `smtp-sender-user` and `smtp-sender-pass` are the username and password of the SMTP user
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* `smtp-sender-from` is the e-mail address of the sender
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Here's an example config using [Amazon SES](https://aws.amazon.com/ses/) for outgoing mail (this is how it is
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configured for `ntfy.sh`):
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=== "/etc/ntfy/server.yml"
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``` yaml
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base-url: "https://ntfy.sh"
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smtp-sender-addr: "email-smtp.us-east-2.amazonaws.com:587"
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smtp-sender-user: "AKIDEADBEEFAFFE12345"
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smtp-sender-pass: "Abd13Kf+sfAk2DzifjafldkThisIsNotARealKeyOMG."
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smtp-sender-from: "ntfy@ntfy.sh"
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```
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Please also refer to the [rate limiting](#rate-limiting) settings below, specifically `visitor-email-limit-burst`
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and `visitor-email-limit-burst`. Setting these conservatively is necessary to avoid abuse.
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## E-mail publishing
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To allow publishing messages via e-mail, ntfy can run a lightweight **SMTP server for incoming messages**. Once configured,
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users can [send emails to a topic e-mail address](publish.md#e-mail-publishing) (e.g. `mytopic@ntfy.sh` or
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`myprefix-mytopic@ntfy.sh`) to publish messages to a topic. This is useful for e-mail based integrations such as for
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statuspage.io (though these days most services also support webhooks and HTTP calls).
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To configure the SMTP server, you must at least set `smtp-server-listen` and `smtp-server-domain`:
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* `smtp-server-listen` defines the IP address and port the SMTP server will listen on, e.g. `:25` or `1.2.3.4:25`
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* `smtp-server-domain` is the e-mail domain, e.g. `ntfy.sh` (must be identical to MX record, see below)
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* `smtp-server-addr-prefix` is an optional prefix for the e-mail addresses to prevent spam. If set to `ntfy-`, for instance,
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only e-mails to `ntfy-$topic@ntfy.sh` will be accepted. If this is not set, all emails to `$topic@ntfy.sh` will be
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accepted (which may obviously be a spam problem).
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Here's an example config (this is how it is configured for `ntfy.sh`):
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=== "/etc/ntfy/server.yml"
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``` yaml
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smtp-server-listen: ":25"
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smtp-server-domain: "ntfy.sh"
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smtp-server-addr-prefix: "ntfy-"
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```
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In addition to configuring the ntfy server, you have to create two DNS records (an [MX record](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MX_record)
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and a corresponding A record), so incoming mail will find its way to your server. Here's an example of how `ntfy.sh` is
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configured (in [Amazon Route 53](https://aws.amazon.com/route53/)):
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<figure markdown>
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{ width=600 }
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<figcaption>DNS records for incoming mail</figcaption>
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</figure>
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You can check if everything is working correctly by sending an email as raw SMTP via `nc`. Create a text file, e.g.
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`email.txt`
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```
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EHLO example.com
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MAIL FROM: phil@example.com
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RCPT TO: ntfy-mytopic@ntfy.sh
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DATA
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Subject: Email for you
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Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
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Hello from 🇩🇪
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.
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```
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And then send the mail via `nc` like this. If you see any lines starting with `451`, those are errors from the
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ntfy server. Read them carefully.
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```
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$ cat email.txt | nc -N ntfy.sh 25
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220 ntfy.sh ESMTP Service Ready
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250-Hello example.com
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...
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250 2.0.0 Roger, accepting mail from <phil@example.com>
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250 2.0.0 I'll make sure <ntfy-mytopic@ntfy.sh> gets this
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```
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As for the DNS setup, be sure to verify that `dig MX` and `dig A` are returning results similar to this:
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```
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$ dig MX ntfy.sh +short
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10 mx1.ntfy.sh.
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$ dig A mx1.ntfy.sh +short
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3.139.215.220
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```
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## Behind a proxy (TLS, etc.)
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!!! warning
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If you are running ntfy behind a proxy, you must set the `behind-proxy` flag. Otherwise, all visitors are
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[rate limited](#rate-limiting) as if they are one.
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It may be desirable to run ntfy behind a proxy (e.g. nginx, HAproxy or Apache), so you can provide TLS certificates
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using Let's Encrypt using certbot, or simply because you'd like to share the ports (80/443) with other services.
|
|
Whatever your reasons may be, there are a few things to consider.
|
|
|
|
If you are running ntfy behind a proxy, you should set the `behind-proxy` flag. This will instruct the
|
|
[rate limiting](#rate-limiting) logic to use the `X-Forwarded-For` header as the primary identifier for a visitor,
|
|
as opposed to the remote IP address. If the `behind-proxy` flag is not set, all visitors will
|
|
be counted as one, because from the perspective of the ntfy server, they all share the proxy's IP address.
|
|
|
|
=== "/etc/ntfy/server.yml"
|
|
``` yaml
|
|
# Tell ntfy to use "X-Forwarded-For" to identify visitors
|
|
behind-proxy: true
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### TLS/SSL
|
|
ntfy supports HTTPS/TLS by setting the `listen-https` [config option](#config-options). However, if you
|
|
are behind a proxy, it is recommended that TLS/SSL termination is done by the proxy itself (see below).
|
|
|
|
I highly recommend using [certbot](https://certbot.eff.org/). I use it with the [dns-route53 plugin](https://certbot-dns-route53.readthedocs.io/en/stable/),
|
|
which lets you use [AWS Route 53](https://aws.amazon.com/route53/) as the challenge. That's much easier than using the
|
|
HTTP challenge. I've found [this guide](https://nandovieira.com/using-lets-encrypt-in-development-with-nginx-and-aws-route53) to
|
|
be incredibly helpful.
|
|
|
|
### nginx/Apache2/caddy
|
|
For your convenience, here's a working config that'll help configure things behind a proxy. Be sure to **enable WebSockets**
|
|
by forwarding the `Connection` and `Upgrade` headers accordingly.
|
|
|
|
In this example, ntfy runs on `:2586` and we proxy traffic to it. We also redirect HTTP to HTTPS for GET requests against a topic
|
|
or the root domain:
|
|
|
|
=== "nginx (/etc/nginx/sites-*/ntfy)"
|
|
```
|
|
server {
|
|
listen 80;
|
|
server_name ntfy.sh;
|
|
|
|
location / {
|
|
# Redirect HTTP to HTTPS, but only for GET topic addresses, since we want
|
|
# it to work with curl without the annoying https:// prefix
|
|
set $redirect_https "";
|
|
if ($request_method = GET) {
|
|
set $redirect_https "yes";
|
|
}
|
|
if ($request_uri ~* "^/([-_a-z0-9]{0,64}$|docs/|static/)") {
|
|
set $redirect_https "${redirect_https}yes";
|
|
}
|
|
if ($redirect_https = "yesyes") {
|
|
return 302 https://$http_host$request_uri$is_args$query_string;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:2586;
|
|
proxy_http_version 1.1;
|
|
|
|
proxy_buffering off;
|
|
proxy_request_buffering off;
|
|
proxy_redirect off;
|
|
|
|
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
|
|
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
|
|
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
|
|
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
|
|
|
|
proxy_connect_timeout 3m;
|
|
proxy_send_timeout 3m;
|
|
proxy_read_timeout 3m;
|
|
|
|
client_max_body_size 20m; # Must be >= attachment-file-size-limit in /etc/ntfy/server.yml
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
server {
|
|
listen 443 ssl;
|
|
server_name ntfy.sh;
|
|
|
|
ssl_session_cache builtin:1000 shared:SSL:10m;
|
|
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
|
|
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!CAMELLIA:!DES:!MD5:!PSK:!RC4;
|
|
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
|
|
|
|
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/ntfy.sh/fullchain.pem;
|
|
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/ntfy.sh/privkey.pem;
|
|
|
|
location / {
|
|
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:2586;
|
|
proxy_http_version 1.1;
|
|
|
|
proxy_buffering off;
|
|
proxy_request_buffering off;
|
|
proxy_redirect off;
|
|
|
|
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
|
|
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
|
|
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
|
|
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
|
|
|
|
proxy_connect_timeout 3m;
|
|
proxy_send_timeout 3m;
|
|
proxy_read_timeout 3m;
|
|
|
|
client_max_body_size 20m; # Must be >= attachment-file-size-limit in /etc/ntfy/server.yml
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
=== "Apache2 (/etc/apache2/sites-*/ntfy.conf)"
|
|
```
|
|
<VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
ServerName ntfy.sh
|
|
|
|
SetEnv proxy-nokeepalive 1
|
|
SetEnv proxy-sendchunked 1
|
|
|
|
ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:2586/
|
|
ProxyPassReverse / http://127.0.0.1:2586/
|
|
|
|
# Higher than the max message size of 4096 bytes
|
|
LimitRequestBody 102400
|
|
|
|
# Redirect HTTP to HTTPS, but only for GET topic addresses, since we want
|
|
# it to work with curl without the annoying https:// prefix
|
|
RewriteEngine on
|
|
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} GET
|
|
RewriteRule ^/([-_A-Za-z0-9]{0,64})$ https://%{SERVER_NAME}/$1 [R,L]
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
|
|
<VirtualHost *:443>
|
|
ServerName ntfy.sh
|
|
|
|
SSLEngine on
|
|
SSLCertificateFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/ntfy.sh/fullchain.pem
|
|
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/ntfy.sh/privkey.pem
|
|
Include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-apache.conf
|
|
|
|
SetEnv proxy-nokeepalive 1
|
|
SetEnv proxy-sendchunked 1
|
|
|
|
ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:2586/
|
|
ProxyPassReverse / http://127.0.0.1:2586/
|
|
|
|
# Higher than the max message size of 4096 bytes
|
|
LimitRequestBody 102400
|
|
|
|
# Redirect HTTP to HTTPS, but only for GET topic addresses, since we want
|
|
# it to work with curl without the annoying https:// prefix
|
|
RewriteEngine on
|
|
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} GET
|
|
RewriteRule ^/([-_A-Za-z0-9]{0,64})$ https://%{SERVER_NAME}/$1 [R,L]
|
|
</VirtualHost>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
=== "caddy"
|
|
```
|
|
# Note that this config is most certainly incomplete. Please help out and let me know what's missing
|
|
# via Discord/Matrix or in a GitHub issue.
|
|
|
|
ntfy.sh, http://nfty.sh {
|
|
reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:2586
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Firebase (FCM)
|
|
!!! info
|
|
Using Firebase is **optional** and only works if you modify and [build your own Android .apk](develop.md#android-app).
|
|
For a self-hosted instance, it's easier to just not bother with FCM.
|
|
|
|
[Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM)](https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging) is the Google approved way to send
|
|
push messages to Android devices. FCM is the only method that an Android app can receive messages without having to run a
|
|
[foreground service](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/foreground-services).
|
|
|
|
For the main host [ntfy.sh](https://ntfy.sh), the [ntfy Android app](subscribe/phone.md) uses Firebase to send messages
|
|
to the device. For other hosts, instant delivery is used and FCM is not involved.
|
|
|
|
To configure FCM for your self-hosted instance of the ntfy server, follow these steps:
|
|
|
|
1. Sign up for a [Firebase account](https://console.firebase.google.com/)
|
|
2. Create a Firebase app and download the key file (e.g. `myapp-firebase-adminsdk-...json`)
|
|
3. Place the key file in `/etc/ntfy`, set the `firebase-key-file` in `server.yml` accordingly and restart the ntfy server
|
|
4. Build your own Android .apk following [these instructions](develop.md#android-app)
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
```
|
|
# If set, also publish messages to a Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) topic for your app.
|
|
# This is optional and only required to support Android apps (which don't allow background services anymore).
|
|
#
|
|
firebase-key-file: "/etc/ntfy/ntfy-sh-firebase-adminsdk-ahnce-9f4d6f14b5.json"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Rate limiting
|
|
!!! info
|
|
Be aware that if you are running ntfy behind a proxy, you must set the `behind-proxy` flag.
|
|
Otherwise, all visitors are rate limited as if they are one.
|
|
|
|
By default, ntfy runs without authentication, so it is vitally important that we protect the server from abuse or overload.
|
|
There are various limits and rate limits in place that you can use to configure the server:
|
|
|
|
* **Global limit**: A global limit applies across all visitors (IPs, clients, users)
|
|
* **Visitor limit**: A visitor limit only applies to a certain visitor. A **visitor** is identified by its IP address
|
|
(or the `X-Forwarded-For` header if `behind-proxy` is set). All config options that start with the word `visitor` apply
|
|
only on a per-visitor basis.
|
|
|
|
During normal usage, you shouldn't encounter these limits at all, and even if you burst a few requests or emails
|
|
(e.g. when you reconnect after a connection drop), it shouldn't have any effect.
|
|
|
|
### General limits
|
|
Let's do the easy limits first:
|
|
|
|
* `global-topic-limit` defines the total number of topics before the server rejects new topics. It defaults to 15,000.
|
|
* `visitor-subscription-limit` is the number of subscriptions (open connections) per visitor. This value defaults to 30.
|
|
|
|
### Request limits
|
|
In addition to the limits above, there is a requests/second limit per visitor for all sensitive GET/PUT/POST requests.
|
|
This limit uses a [token bucket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Token_bucket) (using Go's [rate package](https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/time/rate)):
|
|
|
|
Each visitor has a bucket of 60 requests they can fire against the server (defined by `visitor-request-limit-burst`).
|
|
After the 60, new requests will encounter a `429 Too Many Requests` response. The visitor request bucket is refilled at a rate of one
|
|
request every 5s (defined by `visitor-request-limit-replenish`)
|
|
|
|
* `visitor-request-limit-burst` is the initial bucket of requests each visitor has. This defaults to 60.
|
|
* `visitor-request-limit-replenish` is the rate at which the bucket is refilled (one request per x). Defaults to 5s.
|
|
* `visitor-request-limit-exempt-hosts` is a comma-separated list of hostnames and IPs to be exempt from request rate
|
|
limiting; hostnames are resolved at the time the server is started. Defaults to an empty list.
|
|
|
|
### Attachment limits
|
|
Aside from the global file size and total attachment cache limits (see [above](#attachments)), there are two relevant
|
|
per-visitor limits:
|
|
|
|
* `visitor-attachment-total-size-limit` is the total storage limit used for attachments per visitor. It defaults to 100M.
|
|
The per-visitor storage is automatically decreased as attachments expire. External attachments (attached via `X-Attach`,
|
|
see [publishing docs](publish.md#attachments)) do not count here.
|
|
* `visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit` is the total daily attachment download/upload bandwidth limit per visitor,
|
|
including PUT and GET requests. This is to protect your precious bandwidth from abuse, since egress costs money in
|
|
most cloud providers. This defaults to 500M.
|
|
|
|
### E-mail limits
|
|
Similarly to the request limit, there is also an e-mail limit (only relevant if [e-mail notifications](#e-mail-notifications)
|
|
are enabled):
|
|
|
|
* `visitor-email-limit-burst` is the initial bucket of emails each visitor has. This defaults to 16.
|
|
* `visitor-email-limit-replenish` is the rate at which the bucket is refilled (one email per x). Defaults to 1h.
|
|
|
|
## Tuning for scale
|
|
If you're running ntfy for your home server, you probably don't need to worry about scale at all. In its default config,
|
|
if it's not behind a proxy, the ntfy server can keep about **as many connections as the open file limit allows**.
|
|
This limit is typically called `nofile`. Other than that, RAM and CPU are obviously relevant. You may also want to check
|
|
out [this discussion on Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/golang/comments/r9u4ee/how_many_actively_connected_http_clients_can_a_go/).
|
|
|
|
Depending on *how you run it*, here are a few limits that are relevant:
|
|
|
|
### For systemd services
|
|
If you're running ntfy in a systemd service (e.g. for .deb/.rpm packages), the main limiting factor is the
|
|
`LimitNOFILE` setting in the systemd unit. The default open files limit for `ntfy.service` is 10,000. You can override it
|
|
by creating a `/etc/systemd/system/ntfy.service.d/override.conf` file. As far as I can tell, `/etc/security/limits.conf`
|
|
is not relevant.
|
|
|
|
=== "/etc/systemd/system/ntfy.service.d/override.conf"
|
|
```
|
|
# Allow 20,000 ntfy connections (and give room for other file handles)
|
|
[Service]
|
|
LimitNOFILE=20500
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Outside of systemd
|
|
If you're running outside systemd, you may want to adjust your `/etc/security/limits.conf` file to
|
|
increase the `nofile` setting. Here's an example that increases the limit to 5,000. You can find out the current setting
|
|
by running `ulimit -n`, or manually override it temporarily by running `ulimit -n 50000`.
|
|
|
|
=== "/etc/security/limits.conf"
|
|
```
|
|
# Increase open files limit globally
|
|
* hard nofile 20500
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Proxy limits (nginx, Apache2)
|
|
If you are running [behind a proxy](#behind-a-proxy-tls-etc) (e.g. nginx, Apache), the open files limit of the proxy is also
|
|
relevant. So if your proxy runs inside of systemd, increase the limits in systemd for the proxy. Typically, the proxy
|
|
open files limit has to be **double the number of how many connections you'd like to support**, because the proxy has
|
|
to maintain the client connection and the connection to ntfy.
|
|
|
|
=== "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
|
|
```
|
|
events {
|
|
# Allow 40,000 proxy connections (2x of the desired ntfy connection count;
|
|
# and give room for other file handles)
|
|
worker_connections 40500;
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
=== "/etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d/override.conf"
|
|
```
|
|
# Allow 40,000 proxy connections (2x of the desired ntfy connection count;
|
|
# and give room for other file handles)
|
|
[Service]
|
|
LimitNOFILE=40500
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Banning bad actors (fail2ban)
|
|
If you put stuff on the Internet, bad actors will try to break them or break in. [fail2ban](https://www.fail2ban.org/)
|
|
and nginx's [ngx_http_limit_req_module module](http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_limit_req_module.html) can be used
|
|
to ban client IPs if they misbehave. This is on top of the [rate limiting](#rate-limiting) inside the ntfy server.
|
|
|
|
Here's an example for how ntfy.sh is configured, following the instructions from two tutorials ([here](https://easyengine.io/tutorials/nginx/fail2ban/)
|
|
and [here](https://easyengine.io/tutorials/nginx/block-wp-login-php-bruteforce-attack/)):
|
|
|
|
=== "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
|
|
```
|
|
http {
|
|
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s;
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
=== "/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ntfy.sh"
|
|
```
|
|
# For each server/location block
|
|
server {
|
|
location / {
|
|
limit_req zone=one burst=1000 nodelay;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
=== "/etc/fail2ban/filter.d/nginx-req-limit.conf"
|
|
```
|
|
[Definition]
|
|
failregex = limiting requests, excess:.* by zone.*client: <HOST>
|
|
ignoreregex =
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
=== "/etc/fail2ban/jail.local"
|
|
```
|
|
[nginx-req-limit]
|
|
enabled = true
|
|
filter = nginx-req-limit
|
|
action = iptables-multiport[name=ReqLimit, port="http,https", protocol=tcp]
|
|
logpath = /var/log/nginx/error.log
|
|
findtime = 600
|
|
bantime = 7200
|
|
maxretry = 10
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Config options
|
|
Each config option can be set in the config file `/etc/ntfy/server.yml` (e.g. `listen-http: :80`) or as a
|
|
CLI option (e.g. `--listen-http :80`. Here's a list of all available options. Alternatively, you can set an environment
|
|
variable before running the `ntfy` command (e.g. `export NTFY_LISTEN_HTTP=:80`).
|
|
|
|
| Config option | Env variable | Format | Default | Description |
|
|
|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|--------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|
|
| `base-url` | `NTFY_BASE_URL` | *URL* | - | Public facing base URL of the service (e.g. `https://ntfy.sh`) |
|
|
| `listen-http` | `NTFY_LISTEN_HTTP` | `[host]:port` | `:80` | Listen address for the HTTP web server |
|
|
| `listen-https` | `NTFY_LISTEN_HTTPS` | `[host]:port` | - | Listen address for the HTTPS web server. If set, you also need to set `key-file` and `cert-file`. |
|
|
| `listen-unix` | `NTFY_LISTEN_UNIX` | *filename* | - | Path to a Unix socket to listen on |
|
|
| `key-file` | `NTFY_KEY_FILE` | *filename* | - | HTTPS/TLS private key file, only used if `listen-https` is set. |
|
|
| `cert-file` | `NTFY_CERT_FILE` | *filename* | - | HTTPS/TLS certificate file, only used if `listen-https` is set. |
|
|
| `firebase-key-file` | `NTFY_FIREBASE_KEY_FILE` | *filename* | - | If set, also publish messages to a Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) topic for your app. This is optional and only required to save battery when using the Android app. See [Firebase (FCM](#firebase-fcm). |
|
|
| `cache-file` | `NTFY_CACHE_FILE` | *filename* | - | If set, messages are cached in a local SQLite database instead of only in-memory. This allows for service restarts without losing messages in support of the since= parameter. See [message cache](#message-cache). |
|
|
| `cache-duration` | `NTFY_CACHE_DURATION` | *duration* | 12h | Duration for which messages will be buffered before they are deleted. This is required to support the `since=...` and `poll=1` parameter. Set this to `0` to disable the cache entirely. |
|
|
| `auth-file` | `NTFY_AUTH_FILE` | *filename* | - | Auth database file used for access control. If set, enables authentication and access control. See [access control](#access-control). |
|
|
| `auth-default-access` | `NTFY_AUTH_DEFAULT_ACCESS` | `read-write`, `read-only`, `write-only`, `deny-all` | `read-write` | Default permissions if no matching entries in the auth database are found. Default is `read-write`. |
|
|
| `behind-proxy` | `NTFY_BEHIND_PROXY` | *bool* | false | If set, the X-Forwarded-For header is used to determine the visitor IP address instead of the remote address of the connection. |
|
|
| `attachment-cache-dir` | `NTFY_ATTACHMENT_CACHE_DIR` | *directory* | - | Cache directory for attached files. To enable attachments, this has to be set. |
|
|
| `attachment-total-size-limit` | `NTFY_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT` | *size* | 5G | Limit of the on-disk attachment cache directory. If the limits is exceeded, new attachments will be rejected. |
|
|
| `attachment-file-size-limit` | `NTFY_ATTACHMENT_FILE_SIZE_LIMIT` | *size* | 15M | Per-file attachment size limit (e.g. 300k, 2M, 100M). Larger attachment will be rejected. |
|
|
| `attachment-expiry-duration` | `NTFY_ATTACHMENT_EXPIRY_DURATION` | *duration* | 3h | Duration after which uploaded attachments will be deleted (e.g. 3h, 20h). Strongly affects `visitor-attachment-total-size-limit`. |
|
|
| `smtp-sender-addr` | `NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_ADDR` | `host:port` | - | SMTP server address to allow email sending |
|
|
| `smtp-sender-user` | `NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_USER` | *string* | - | SMTP user; only used if e-mail sending is enabled |
|
|
| `smtp-sender-pass` | `NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_PASS` | *string* | - | SMTP password; only used if e-mail sending is enabled |
|
|
| `smtp-sender-from` | `NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_FROM` | *e-mail address* | - | SMTP sender e-mail address; only used if e-mail sending is enabled |
|
|
| `smtp-server-listen` | `NTFY_SMTP_SERVER_LISTEN` | `[ip]:port` | - | Defines the IP address and port the SMTP server will listen on, e.g. `:25` or `1.2.3.4:25` |
|
|
| `smtp-server-domain` | `NTFY_SMTP_SERVER_DOMAIN` | *domain name* | - | SMTP server e-mail domain, e.g. `ntfy.sh` |
|
|
| `smtp-server-addr-prefix` | `NTFY_SMTP_SERVER_ADDR_PREFIX` | `[ip]:port` | - | Optional prefix for the e-mail addresses to prevent spam, e.g. `ntfy-` |
|
|
| `keepalive-interval` | `NTFY_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL` | *duration* | 45s | Interval in which keepalive messages are sent to the client. This is to prevent intermediaries closing the connection for inactivity. Note that the Android app has a hardcoded timeout at 77s, so it should be less than that. |
|
|
| `manager-interval` | `$NTFY_MANAGER_INTERVAL` | *duration* | 1m | Interval in which the manager prunes old messages, deletes topics and prints the stats. |
|
|
| `web-root` | `NTFY_WEB_ROOT` | `app` or `home` | `app` | Sets web root to landing page (home) or web app (app) |
|
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| `global-topic-limit` | `NTFY_GLOBAL_TOPIC_LIMIT` | *number* | 15,000 | Rate limiting: Total number of topics before the server rejects new topics. |
|
|
| `visitor-subscription-limit` | `NTFY_VISITOR_SUBSCRIPTION_LIMIT` | *number* | 30 | Rate limiting: Number of subscriptions per visitor (IP address) |
|
|
| `visitor-attachment-total-size-limit` | `NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT` | *size* | 100M | Rate limiting: Total storage limit used for attachments per visitor, for all attachments combined. Storage is freed after attachments expire. See `attachment-expiry-duration`. |
|
|
| `visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit` | `NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_DAILY_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT` | *size* | 500M | Rate limiting: Total daily attachment download/upload traffic limit per visitor. This is to protect your bandwidth costs from exploding. |
|
|
| `visitor-request-limit-burst` | `NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_BURST` | *number* | 60 | Rate limiting: Allowed GET/PUT/POST requests per second, per visitor. This setting is the initial bucket of requests each visitor has |
|
|
| `visitor-request-limit-replenish` | `NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_REPLENISH` | *duration* | 5s | Rate limiting: Strongly related to `visitor-request-limit-burst`: The rate at which the bucket is refilled |
|
|
| `visitor-request-limit-exempt-hosts` | `NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_EXEMPT_HOSTS` | *comma-separated host/IP list* | - | Rate limiting: List of hostnames and IPs to be exempt from request rate limiting |
|
|
| `visitor-email-limit-burst` | `NTFY_VISITOR_EMAIL_LIMIT_BURST` | *number* | 16 | Rate limiting:Initial limit of e-mails per visitor |
|
|
| `visitor-email-limit-replenish` | `NTFY_VISITOR_EMAIL_LIMIT_REPLENISH` | *duration* | 1h | Rate limiting: Strongly related to `visitor-email-limit-burst`: The rate at which the bucket is refilled |
|
|
|
|
The format for a *duration* is: `<number>(smh)`, e.g. 30s, 20m or 1h.
|
|
The format for a *size* is: `<number>(GMK)`, e.g. 1G, 200M or 4000k.
|
|
|
|
## Command line options
|
|
```
|
|
$ ntfy serve --help
|
|
NAME:
|
|
ntfy serve - Run the ntfy server
|
|
|
|
USAGE:
|
|
ntfy serve [OPTIONS..]
|
|
|
|
CATEGORY:
|
|
Server commands
|
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION:
|
|
Run the ntfy server and listen for incoming requests
|
|
|
|
The command will load the configuration from /etc/ntfy/server.yml. Config options can
|
|
be overridden using the command line options.
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
ntfy serve # Starts server in the foreground (on port 80)
|
|
ntfy serve --listen-http :8080 # Starts server with alternate port
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS:
|
|
--config value, -c value config file (default: /etc/ntfy/server.yml) [$NTFY_CONFIG_FILE]
|
|
--base-url value, -B value externally visible base URL for this host (e.g. https://ntfy.sh) [$NTFY_BASE_URL]
|
|
--listen-http value, -l value ip:port used to as HTTP listen address (default: ":80") [$NTFY_LISTEN_HTTP]
|
|
--listen-https value, -L value ip:port used to as HTTPS listen address [$NTFY_LISTEN_HTTPS]
|
|
--listen-unix value, -U value listen on unix socket path [$NTFY_LISTEN_UNIX]
|
|
--key-file value, -K value private key file, if listen-https is set [$NTFY_KEY_FILE]
|
|
--cert-file value, -E value certificate file, if listen-https is set [$NTFY_CERT_FILE]
|
|
--firebase-key-file value, -F value Firebase credentials file; if set additionally publish to FCM topic [$NTFY_FIREBASE_KEY_FILE]
|
|
--cache-file value, -C value cache file used for message caching [$NTFY_CACHE_FILE]
|
|
--cache-duration since, -b since buffer messages for this time to allow since requests (default: 12h0m0s) [$NTFY_CACHE_DURATION]
|
|
--auth-file value, -H value auth database file used for access control [$NTFY_AUTH_FILE]
|
|
--auth-default-access value, -p value default permissions if no matching entries in the auth database are found (default: "read-write") [$NTFY_AUTH_DEFAULT_ACCESS]
|
|
--attachment-cache-dir value cache directory for attached files [$NTFY_ATTACHMENT_CACHE_DIR]
|
|
--attachment-total-size-limit value, -A value limit of the on-disk attachment cache (default: 5G) [$NTFY_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT]
|
|
--attachment-file-size-limit value, -Y value per-file attachment size limit (e.g. 300k, 2M, 100M) (default: 15M) [$NTFY_ATTACHMENT_FILE_SIZE_LIMIT]
|
|
--attachment-expiry-duration value, -X value duration after which uploaded attachments will be deleted (e.g. 3h, 20h) (default: 3h) [$NTFY_ATTACHMENT_EXPIRY_DURATION]
|
|
--keepalive-interval value, -k value interval of keepalive messages (default: 45s) [$NTFY_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL]
|
|
--manager-interval value, -m value interval of for message pruning and stats printing (default: 1m0s) [$NTFY_MANAGER_INTERVAL]
|
|
--web-root value sets web root to landing page (home) or web app (app) (default: "app") [$NTFY_WEB_ROOT]
|
|
--smtp-sender-addr value SMTP server address (host:port) for outgoing emails [$NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_ADDR]
|
|
--smtp-sender-user value SMTP user (if e-mail sending is enabled) [$NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_USER]
|
|
--smtp-sender-pass value SMTP password (if e-mail sending is enabled) [$NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_PASS]
|
|
--smtp-sender-from value SMTP sender address (if e-mail sending is enabled) [$NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_FROM]
|
|
--smtp-server-listen value SMTP server address (ip:port) for incoming emails, e.g. :25 [$NTFY_SMTP_SERVER_LISTEN]
|
|
--smtp-server-domain value SMTP domain for incoming e-mail, e.g. ntfy.sh [$NTFY_SMTP_SERVER_DOMAIN]
|
|
--smtp-server-addr-prefix value SMTP email address prefix for topics to prevent spam (e.g. 'ntfy-') [$NTFY_SMTP_SERVER_ADDR_PREFIX]
|
|
--global-topic-limit value, -T value total number of topics allowed (default: 15000) [$NTFY_GLOBAL_TOPIC_LIMIT]
|
|
--visitor-subscription-limit value number of subscriptions per visitor (default: 30) [$NTFY_VISITOR_SUBSCRIPTION_LIMIT]
|
|
--visitor-attachment-total-size-limit value total storage limit used for attachments per visitor (default: "100M") [$NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT]
|
|
--visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit value total daily attachment download/upload bandwidth limit per visitor (default: "500M") [$NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_DAILY_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT]
|
|
--visitor-request-limit-burst value initial limit of requests per visitor (default: 60) [$NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_BURST]
|
|
--visitor-request-limit-replenish value interval at which burst limit is replenished (one per x) (default: 5s) [$NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_REPLENISH]
|
|
--visitor-request-limit-exempt-hosts value hostnames and/or IP addresses of hosts that will be exempt from the visitor request limit [$NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_EXEMPT_HOSTS]
|
|
--visitor-email-limit-burst value initial limit of e-mails per visitor (default: 16) [$NTFY_VISITOR_EMAIL_LIMIT_BURST]
|
|
--visitor-email-limit-replenish value interval at which burst limit is replenished (one per x) (default: 1h0m0s) [$NTFY_VISITOR_EMAIL_LIMIT_REPLENISH]
|
|
--behind-proxy, -P if set, use X-Forwarded-For header to determine visitor IP address (for rate limiting) (default: false) [$NTFY_BEHIND_PROXY]
|
|
--help, -h show help (default: false)
|
|
```
|
|
|